Bharangi (Clerodendrum Serratum): What is the use of Bharangi?

Introduction of Bharangi 

Bharangi (Clerodendrum serratum) is a revered medicinal herb in Ayurveda, primarily known for its powerful benefits in respiratory health. This herb has been used for centuries to treat conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, and chronic cough. Apart from its role in respiratory disorders, Bharangi also possesses potent anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties, making it a versatile remedy for various health conditions.

Botanical Description of Bharangi 

Bharangi is a small, branched shrub from the Verbenaceae family, commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions of India. It features bluntly quadrangular stems, opposite elliptic leaves, and vibrant bluish-purple flowers. The medicinally valuable root is primarily used in Ayurvedic treatments.

Morphology:

• A small, branched shrub growing up to 1–2 meters in height
• Leaves are serrated, ovate-lanceolate, and opposite in arrangement
• Flowers are bluish-purple in color, found in terminal spikes
• Fruits are drupe-like and turn black upon ripening

Bharangi is native to India and thrives in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in the Himalayan foothills and other parts of South and Southeast Asia.

Vernacular Names

• English Name: Turk’s Turban Moon, Blue Glory, Beetle Killer

• Hindi Name: Babhanaiti

• Telugu Name: Guntubharangi

• Bengali Name: Bamunhati

• Tamil Name: Kavali, Parangipattai, Parangi, Parangi Pattai Churnam

• Marathi & Gujarati Name: Bharangi

• Kannada Name: Gontu Barangi

• Malayalam Name: Kankabharani

Sanskrit Synonyms of Bharangi 

• Phanji, Hanjika, Bhargi – Various regional names

• Brahmanayastika – The stem is very thin

• Padma – The flower resembles a lotus

• Kharashaka – The leaves are dry

• Angaravalli – The blossoms appear like red hot coal

• Brahmani – Considered an auspicious plant

Classical Categorization in Ayurveda

Bharangi has been categorized under different groups in various classical Ayurvedic texts:

• Charaka Samhita: Mentioned under Pureesha Sangrahaniya – a group of herbs that help in increasing the bulk of feces and supporting proper bowel function.

• Sushruta Samhita: Included in the Pippalyadi Gana – a group of herbs beneficial for respiratory and digestive health.

• Ashtanga Sangraha: Classified under Pippalyadi Gana, emphasizing its role in treating respiratory issues and digestive ailments.

• Ashtanga Hridaya: Listed in Arkadi Gana and Surasadi Gana, denoting its use in enhancing digestion and respiratory health.

These classical references highlight Bharangi’s diverse therapeutic applications and its significance in ancient Ayurvedic formulations.

Ayurvedic Properties of Bharangi 

Phytochemical Composition of Bharangi 

It contains a wide range of bioactive compounds that contribute to its diverse medicinal properties. Some key phytochemicals include:

• Flavonoids & Phenolics: Apigenin, Luteolin, Baicalin, Scutellarin, Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide

• Triterpenoids: Oleanolic acid, Ursolic acid, Serratagenic acid

• Sterols: β-sitosterol, α-spinasterol, Stimasterol

• Other Compounds: D-Mannitol, Glucose, Iridoids, Phenylpropanoid glycosides

These compounds exhibit potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and antihistaminic activities, supporting the herb’s effectiveness in treating various ailments.

Pharmacological Actions in Ayurveda

• Shwasahara – Relieves respiratory conditions like asthma and bronchitis.

• Kaphapaha – Helps in reducing excess mucus.

• Jwarahara – Useful in fever management.

• Vatarakta – Beneficial in treating gout and joint inflammation.

• Deepani – Stimulates digestion.

• Shophahara – Acts as an anti-inflammatory agent.

• Krimighna – Effective against intestinal parasites and infections.

Medicinal Uses & Benefits in Ayurveda

A. Respiratory Disorders

• Kasa (Cough) & Swasa (Asthma)

  • Acts as a bronchodilator and expectorant, clearing excess mucus

  • Reduces inflammation of the respiratory tract

  • Used in formulations like Bharangi Kwatha, Bharangi Churna, and Sitopaladi Churna

• Shwasa (Breathing Difficulties)

  • Helps in cases of bronchitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis

  • Enhances lung function by reducing congestion

B. Anti-Inflammatory & Analgesic Effects

• Useful in treating arthritis, joint pain, and gout

• Reduces swelling and stiffness in inflammatory conditions

• Decoctions or pastes of Bharangi are used in Ayurvedic Panchakarma therapies

C. Digestive & Metabolic Benefits

• Deepana (Appetizer) & Pachana (Digestive Stimulant)

  • Improves digestion by stimulating Agni (digestive fire)

  • Useful in conditions like anorexia, bloating, and indigestion

• Liver Detoxifier

  • Supports liver function and detoxifies accumulated toxins

D. Antipyretic (Jwara Roga)

• Reduces fever associated with flu and respiratory infections

• Used in febrile conditions caused by Kapha and Vata imbalance

E. Skin Disorders

• Helps in treating skin infections, wounds, and ulcers

• Its antimicrobial properties aid in faster healing

F. Immunity Booster

• Strengthens the immune system and prevents recurrent infections

• Useful in chronic allergic conditions and seasonal flu

Ayurvedic Formulations Containing Bharangi

1. Bharangi Kwatha – Decoction for respiratory ailments

2. Sitopaladi Churna – A classical Ayurvedic formulation for cough & colds

3. Dashmoola Kwatha – A combination of ten roots, including Bharangi, used for inflammatory and Vata disorders

4. Kantakari Avaleha – Used for asthma, bronchitis, and allergic rhinitis

5. Bharangi Ghrita – Medicated ghee for chronic respiratory conditions

6. Bharangi Guda – Used for asthma, chronic cough, and bronchitis.

7. Pushkaramoolasava – A liquid formulation beneficial for respiratory and cardiac health.

8. Vasavaleha – A well-known preparation for treating tuberculosis and chronic bronchitis.

9. Amritaprasha Ghrita – Used for managing bleeding disorders, gynecological issues, and chronic respiratory conditions.

Dosage & Administration

Note: Dosage should be customized as per the individual’s Prakriti and disease condition, under an Ayurvedic physician’s guidance.

Safety, Precautions & Contraindications

• Pregnancy & Lactation: Should be used under medical supervision

• Pitta Disorders: Due to its hot potency, excessive use may aggravate Pitta

• Ulcers & Gastritis: May worsen conditions if taken in high doses

• Allergic Sensitivity: Rare cases of hypersensitivity reactions reported

Modern Scientific Research & Validation

Several studies have confirmed the pharmacological actions of Bharangi:

• Bronchodilator Effect: Research suggests it significantly improves airflow in asthmatic patients

• Anti-inflammatory Activity: Studies indicate its effectiveness in reducing inflammation markers in arthritis models

• Antioxidant & Immunomodulatory Effects: Enhances immune function and reduces oxidative stress

• Antibacterial & Antiviral Activity: Bharangi extracts have been found to be effective against various bacterial and viral infections, especially in the respiratory tract.

• Antihistaminic & Antiallergic Effects: The herb has been proven beneficial for allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.

• Anti-cancer Potential: Some studies have indicated that the plant’s extracts exhibit anti-cancer properties, particularly in preclinical trials.

Conclusion

Bharangi (Clerodendrum serratum) stands as an invaluable herb in Ayurveda, offering a multitude of health benefits, particularly for respiratory, inflammatory, and digestive ailments. With its time-tested efficacy and modern scientific backing, Bharangi continues to be a crucial component of Ayurvedic therapy. Its versatility, safety, and minimal side effects make it a natural and effective solution for numerous health concerns.

For individuals seeking holistic and traditional remedies for respiratory and inflammatory conditions, Bharangi presents itself as a remarkable Ayurvedic marvel, bridging the gap between ancient wisdom and modern healthcare.

Bharangi (Clerodendrum serratum) FAQs

1. How does it help in treating asthma and respiratory issues?

It acts as a natural expectorant and bronchodilator. It clears mucus from the airways, reduces inflammation, and makes breathing easier. Drinking a decoction of Bharangi root or leaves twice daily can help manage asthma, chronic cough, and sinusitis.

2. Can Bharangi improve thyroid function?

Yes, consuming Bharangi root powder with lukewarm water supports thyroid hormone balance. It helps regulate metabolism and may be beneficial for hypothyroidism.

3. Is it beneficial for skin diseases?

Yes, applying Bharangi leaf juice on boils, wounds, and infections promotes faster healing. Its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties soothe skin irritations and prevent infections.

4. Can Bharangi help relieve joint and muscle pain?

Massaging the affected area with oil prepared from Bharangi leaves and mustard oil reduces pain and swelling. Its anti-inflammatory properties improve joint mobility and ease muscle discomfort.

5. How does it help in managing uterine fibroids and menstrual disorders?

Drinking a decoction of Bharangi panchang (whole plant extract) with mustard oil helps regulate menstrual cycles. It may reduce fibroid growth and ease menstrual discomfort.

6. Can Bharangi improve digestion?

Yes, consuming a small amount of Bharangi seed powder enhances digestion and reduces bloating. It supports gut health and improves nutrient absorption.

7. Is it safe for daily use?

Yes, it is safe when consumed in recommended doses. However, excessive intake may cause digestive discomfort. Consulting an Ayurvedic expert ensures proper dosage and usage.

8. Can Bharangi be used for wound healing?

Yes, applying a paste of Bharangi leaves on wounds speeds up healing. It prevents infections and promotes tissue regeneration.

9. How to use it for cough relief?

Drinking a decoction made from Bharangi root or leaves helps clear mucus and soothes the throat. It provides quick relief from cough and respiratory congestion.

10. Does it have any side effects?

It is generally safe, but overconsumption may cause mild digestive issues or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Consulting an Ayurvedic practitioner before use is recommended.

It offers numerous health benefits and serves as a natural remedy for various ailments. Adding it to your wellness routine can help maintain respiratory health, improve digestion, and relieve pain effectively.

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