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Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus): Nagarmotha Benefits

Nagarmotha, scientifically known as Cyperus rotundus, is an age-old herb celebrated in Ayurveda for its multifaceted therapeutic benefits. Commonly known as nut grass or purple nutsedge, this perennial herb has earned its status as a medicinal powerhouse, widely used in traditional Ayurvedic treatments. Its pungent aroma, bitter taste, and potent pharmacological properties make it indispensable in herbal medicine.

Vernacular Names of Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus)

Nagarmotha is known by various names across different regions and languages, showcasing its widespread recognition and traditional usage:

Hindi: Motha, नागार्मोथा (Nagarmotha)
English: Nut Grass, Purple Nutsedge, Nutsedge, Java Grass, Coco Grass, Red Nutsedge
Kannada: Tunge Gadde
Telugu: Tunga Mustalu (తున్గాముస్తలు)
Tamil: Muthakach, கோரை கிழங்கு (Korai Kilangu)
Malayalam: മുത്തങ്ങ (Muthanga)
Arabic: So Ad Kufi
Farsi: Mushke Jami
Khmer: Kravanh Chruk

Sanskrit Synonyms of Nagarmotha

Sanskrit literature provides a rich repository of names reflecting the herb’s qualities, habitat, and uses:

Mustakam – Grows in clusters or bushy forms
Sugandhi – Pleasant aromatic tubers
Krodeshta – Loved by pigs
Granthila – With nodular or granulated rhizomes
Varida / Ambhoda / Jalada – Found in moist, aquatic regions
Gangeya / Gangeyi – Grows near river Ganga
Kacchota – Thrives in swampy, subaquatic habitats
Kuruvinda – Found in Kuru Pradesh
Prachya – Common in Eastern regions

Classical Categorization of Nagarmotha

In classical Ayurvedic texts, Nagarmotha has been grouped under several therapeutic classifications:

Charaka Samhita

Lekhaniya – Herbs aiding in fat reduction
Trishna Nigrahana – Quenches excessive thirst
Kandughna – Alleviates itching and skin irritations
Stanya Shodhana – Purifies and enhances breast milk quality

Sushruta & Vagbhata

Included under Mustadi and Vachadi Ganas – Indicating its detoxifying and digestive benefits

Kaiyadeva Nighantu

Trikarsha – Ativisha, Shunti, Musta
Chaturbhadra – Ativisha, Shunti, Musta, Guduchi
Sarvaushadhi – Part of universal medicinal group including Jatamansi, Haridra, Kushta, and others
Sugandhamalaka – Group of fragrant and therapeutic herbs
Karpooradi Varga (Bh Pr. ni) – Aromatic and carminative herbs

Botanical Classification of Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus)

Nagarmotha, also known as Cyperus rotundus, is a medicinally significant herb belonging to the Cyperaceae family. Its taxonomic classification is as follows:

Kingdom: Plantae
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta
Super Division: Spermatophyta
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Subclass: Commelinidae
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Cyperus
Species: Cyperus rotundus

Morphology and Botanical Characteristics of Nagarmotha

Nagarmotha is a rhizomatous perennial herb known for its hardy and resilient growth:

Stem: Triangular (trigonous), solid, septate, rigid, caespitose or sparsely tufted
Leaves: Arise basally, some scale-like or sheath-like; long, flat, and rough-edged
Inflorescence: Spiked clusters with 10–20 purple or pale spikelets
Flowers: Small, bisexual, glume-subtended; bristled perianth, 3 stamens, superior ovary
Fruit: Trigonous nut
Useful Part: Tubers

Tuber Description

Size: Up to 5 cm long and 1 cm in diameter
Color: Dark brown to black
Surface: Rough with annular ridges and root hair
Texture: Hard, mealy flesh internally with visible vascular bundles
Taste: Bitter and aromatic
Fracture: Tough, breaks into small rigid pieces

Varieties and Regional Distribution of Nagarmotha

Multiple varieties of Musta are mentioned in classical texts:

Musta / Nagara Musta – Cyperus scariosus
Bhadra Musta – Cyperus rotundus (Primary variety)
Kshudra Musta / Kasheruka – Scirpus grossus (Water chestnut-like)
Kaivarta or Jala Musta – Cyperus esculentus (Earth almond)

Jalamusta (Cyperus esculentus): Synonyms, Benefits, and Medicinal Uses

Jalamusta, commonly known as Earth Almond, is a close relative of Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus) and holds immense medicinal value in Ayurveda. It is particularly known for its rejuvenating, detoxifying, and skin-enhancing properties. The plant thrives in moist environments, especially in marshy or waterlogged lands.

Sanskrit Synonyms of Jalamusta

The herb is referred to by multiple names in Ayurvedic and traditional texts, based on its habitat, characteristics, and therapeutic effects:

Jala Musta – Musta that grows in water-dominated areas
Daashapura – Associated with the ancient region of Dashapura
Vaneya – Wild-growing herb
Paripelava – Grows abundantly in wet plains
Shaivala – Associated with aquatic vegetation
Jalaja – Born in water
Gangeyi – Grows along the banks of the sacred Ganga River
Kachethya – Grows in marshy and swampy areas
Grandhila – Nodular nature of the tubers
Sugandha – Aromatic rootstock with pleasant fragrance
Prachya – Commonly found in eastern and northeastern parts of India

Ayurvedic Pharmacological Properties

Rasa (Taste):
- Tikta (Bitter)
- Katu (Pungent)
- Kashaya (Astringent)
Guna (Qualities):
- Light and dry in nature
Vipaka (Post-digestive effect):
- Katu (Pungent)
Veerya (Potency):
- Sheeta (Cooling)
Dosha Effect:
- Pacifies Vata Dosha
- Useful in certain Kapha and Pitta conditions

Therapeutic Benefits of Jalamusta

Kantida – Improves Complexion and Skin Tone

Jalamusta is beneficial in enhancing skin glow and is often included in traditional skincare formulations.

Medhya – Brain Tonic

It acts as a nervine tonic, enhancing memory, focus, and overall mental clarity.

Vatahara – Alleviates Vata Disorders

Used extensively in conditions like:

Neuralgia
Sciatica
Paralysis
Constipation
Bloating
Joint stiffness

Visarpahara – Effective in Herpetic Infections

Helps in the treatment of Visarpa (Herpes) and similar eruptive skin diseases.

Kanduhara – Relieves Itching

Soothes the skin in pruritic conditions, helping in reducing excessive itching and inflammation.

Kushtahara – Treats Skin Disorders

Due to its detoxifying and anti-inflammatory action, Jalamusta is effective in:

Eczema
Psoriasis
Fungal infections
Dermatitis

Vishahara – Detoxifier

Acts as an antitoxin, neutralizing internal and external toxins.

Camphor Substitute

In traditional practices, the aromatic tubers of Jalamusta are used in place of camphor, especially in formulations and incense for purification purposes.

Urinary and Reproductive Health

Jalamusta is beneficial in:

Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Dysuria (painful urination)
Leucorrhea (vaginal white discharge)

How to Use Jalamusta (Cyperus esculentus)

Part Used: Tuber (Earth Almonds)
Forms of Usage:
- Churna (Powder)
- Kashaya (Decoction)
- Taila (Herbal Oil)
- Lepa (Paste) – for external application on skin disorders

Jalamusta is a powerful Ayurvedic herb with multiple actions ranging from neuroprotective, detoxifying, skin-healing to digestive and urogenital benefits. Its cooling and aromatic properties make it a vital component in various Ayurvedic formulations and therapeutic procedures.

Note: Always consult a qualified Ayurvedic physician before initiating herbal treatments for proper dosage and suitability to individual constitution (Prakriti).

Distribution of Nagarmotha

Commonly found in:

Rice fields, lowlands, wetlands, marshes, and waterlogged regions across India and Southeast Asia.

Chemical Constituents of Nagarmotha

Nagarmotha contains a rich blend of bioactive phytochemicals that impart therapeutic efficacy:

Essential Oils: Cyperol, Cyperolone, a-Cyperone, Copaene, Cineol, Epoxyguaiene
Terpenoids: α- and β-Selinene, Humulene, Campholenic aldehyde
Alkaloids & Flavonoids: Zierone, Patchilene, Isokobusone, Kodusone, Mustakone
Others: β-Sitosterol, Rotundone, Limonene, Longiverbenone

These compounds provide anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and analgesic properties.

Traditional Purification of Nagarmotha (Shodhana Vidhi)

Purification is crucial to enhance efficacy and eliminate possible impurities:

Initial Preparation: Rhizomes are cut and immersed in Kanji (sour fermented gruel) in an earthen pot for 3 days.
Washing: Taken out and cleaned with fresh water on the 4th day.
Swedana (Sudation): Processed using Panchapallava Kwatha in a Dolayantra (swing apparatus).
Secondary Processing:
- Boiled with water + jaggery
- Dried and triturated with goat’s urine
- Final processing with Sigru twak kwatha (Moringa bark decoction)
Scenting: Stored with jasmine flowers to enhance aroma and energetics.

This multi-step purification enhances bioavailability, removes toxins, and strengthens its therapeutic value.

Medicinal Properties of Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus)

Nagarmotha, or Nut Grass, is revered in Ayurveda for its deep therapeutic actions. The tubers of this rhizomatous herb are widely used in classical formulations due to their multifaceted health benefits. Here’s a comprehensive breakdown of its Ayurvedic pharmacological attributes:

Rasa (Taste)

Tikta (Bitter)
Katu (Pungent)
Kashaya (Astringent)
These tastes support detoxification, digestion enhancement, and anti-inflammatory action.

Guna (Qualities)

Laghu (Light) – Enhances digestion, easy to digest
Ruksha (Dry) – Reduces excess moisture in the body, effective in Kapha conditions

Vipaka (Post-digestive effect)

Katu Vipaka (Pungent Metabolism) – Assists in scraping excess Kapha, stimulating Agni (digestive fire), and eliminating toxins

Veerya (Potency)

Sheeta (Cooling potency) – Relieves burning sensations, inflammation, and is useful in Pitta disorders

Tridoshic Effect

Balances Kapha and Pitta Doshas
Nagarmotha pacifies imbalanced Kapha (mucus, heaviness, lethargy) and Pitta (heat, acidity, inflammation), while being generally neutral to Vata.

Therapeutic Usage and Dosage of Nagarmotha

Part Used

Tuber – The underground tuber is the most potent and therapeutic part, used extensively in powder and decoction forms.

Recommended Dosage

Churna (Powder): 3 – 6 grams per day in divided doses
Kashaya (Decoction): 50 – 100 ml per day, divided into 2–3 doses

These dosages are intended for adults and should be prescribed or monitored by an Ayurvedic practitioner, especially in specific disease conditions.

How to Prepare Nagarmotha Kashaya (Water Decoction)

Musta Kashaya is a traditional preparation of Nagarmotha used in digestive and febrile disorders. Here’s how to make it effectively:

Ingredients:

Nagarmotha Powder (Musta Churna) – 1 tablespoon (~5 grams)
Water – 2 cups (~400 ml)

Preparation Method:

Take one tablespoon of Nagarmotha powder.
Add it to 2 cups of clean water in a pan.
Boil the mixture on medium flame.
Reduce the volume to half a cup (~100 ml).
Strain and use the decoction within 8 hours of preparation for best results.

This preparation is especially beneficial in:

Digestive issues
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Fever and inflammatory conditions
Menstrual disorders
Skin diseases due to Pitta aggravation

Note: Always consult a qualified Ayurvedic physician before initiating any herbal treatment, especially in pregnancy, lactation, or if you’re on other medications.

Therapeutic Properties of Nagarmotha

Nagarmotha is revered in Ayurveda for its deep cleansing and balancing actions. It supports digestive health, detoxifies the system, and promotes overall wellness. Below are some of its prominent health-promoting properties:

1. Digestive Support and Agni Balancing

Nagarmotha acts as a deepana (appetizer) and pachana (digestant), making it highly effective for improving appetite, relieving indigestion, and managing flatulence and bloating. It enhances the digestive fire (Agni), aiding in better assimilation of nutrients.

2. Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Actions

Its anti-inflammatory properties help in reducing swelling, joint pain, and inflammation-related disorders. It is often used in managing arthritis, musculoskeletal disorders, and inflammatory bowel conditions.

3. Antipyretic and Antimicrobial Activity

Nagarmotha exhibits powerful antipyretic (fever-reducing) and antimicrobial activities. It is widely used in managing fevers, malaria, dengue, and infections of bacterial or viral origin.

4. Skin Health and Detoxification

This herb purifies the blood, detoxifies the liver, and promotes healthy skin. It is useful in conditions like eczema, psoriasis, acne, and allergic skin reactions. Its kashaya (astringent) property helps tone the skin and reduce excessive oiliness.

5. Weight Management and Metabolism Booster

Nagarmotha supports weight loss by stimulating metabolism and reducing excess fat accumulation. It helps in mobilizing stored fat and detoxifying the lymphatic system.

6. Menstrual and Reproductive Health

Traditionally, Nagarmotha is used in gynecological disorders, including irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and excessive bleeding. It regulates hormonal imbalance and enhances uterine tone.

7. Diuretic and Urinary Benefits

Its mutrala (diuretic) property makes it beneficial in managing urinary tract infections (UTIs), renal stones, and water retention. It promotes the elimination of toxins through the urinary tract.

Ayurvedic Formulations Containing Nagarmotha

Nagarmotha is a key ingredient in various classical Ayurvedic formulations. These formulations combine it with synergistic herbs to enhance its healing potential.

Musta Karanjadi Kashayam
A decoction used to treat Ama (metabolic toxins), indigestion, and diarrhea.
Mustharishtam
A fermented herbal preparation beneficial for digestive complaints like diarrhea and indigestion.
Navaka Guggulu
Employed in weight management and treating rheumatoid arthritis; Mustaka enhances its digestive and metabolism-boosting effects.
Panchatiktarishta
An herbal wine formulation used as an antipyretic and blood purifier, particularly in chronic skin disorders and inflammatory conditions.
Chandraprabha Vati
A traditional polyherbal tablet used to manage Kapha and Vata doshas, beneficial in urinary tract infections, reproductive issues, and erectile dysfunction.
Yograj Guggul
Supports healthy digestion, metabolism, and joint health; effective in Vata disorders like joint pain and stiffness.
Gum Care Powder
A herbal tooth powder that promotes oral hygiene and manages gingivitis and other gum-related problems.
Pradrantak Churna
A powdered formulation useful in gynecological disorders, helping manage ovarian cysts, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), uterine fibroids, and menopausal symptoms.

Scientific Research and Pharmacological Evidence

Modern research has validated many of the traditional claims about Nagarmotha’s benefits. Its extracts have demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antibacterial properties in various studies.

Cyperus rotundus, commonly known as Nagarmotha or nut grass, has been the subject of various modern scientific studies exploring its potential health benefits. Below is a summary of key research findings:

Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties (2021):
- Study: Investigated the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of Cyperus rotundus rhizome extracts using in vitro and in silico models.
- Key Findings: The aqueous extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity and inhibited α-glucosidase, an enzyme involved in carbohydrate digestion, suggesting potential benefits in managing diabetes.
Anti-Obesity Potential (2022):
- Study: Evaluated the efficacy and safety of Cyperus rotundus rhizome extract, standardized to contain stilbenoids like Piceatannol, Scirpusin A, and Scirpusin B, in overweight individuals.
- Key Findings: The extract demonstrated a reduction in body weight, waist circumference, and BMI. Improvements in serum lipid profiles were also observed, indicating its potential role in weight management and hypercholesterolemia.
Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity (2021):
- Study: Analyzed the phytochemical constituents of Cyperus rotundus rhizome and assessed its antioxidant activity.
- Key Findings: The rhizome contains active groups such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and triterpenoids. Both ethanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited notable antioxidant activities, with the aqueous extract showing higher polyphenol content.
Anti-Obesity Effects in Animal Models (2022):
- Study: Investigated the anti-obesity effects of ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus (EEN) in high-calorie diet-induced obese rats.
- Key Findings: EEN significantly exhibited lipid-lowering effects in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting its potential as an anti-lipidemic agent.
Antimicrobial Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant E. coli (2023):
- Study: Evaluated the effectiveness of Cyperus rotundus extract against multidrug-resistant strains of Escherichia coli associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs).
- Key Findings: The extract demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on resistant E. coli isolates, indicating its potential as an alternative treatment for antibiotic-resistant UTIs.

These studies highlight the diverse therapeutic potentials of Cyperus rotundus, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and antimicrobial properties. However, further research, particularly large-scale human clinical trials, is necessary to substantiate these findings and fully understand the mechanisms involved.

Nagarmotha as a Home Remedy

Musta, also known as Nut Grass, is a revered herb in Ayurveda with diverse applications in both internal and external therapies. From digestive complaints to postpartum care and dermatological conditions, it offers holistic solutions grounded in tradition and supported by experience.

Traditional Uses of Nagarmotha Rhizomes

In ancient times, Musta rhizomes were used as a natural deodorizer. They were placed between clothes to impart a pleasant, aromatic fragrance, showcasing their subtle yet effective antimicrobial and aromatic qualities.

1. For Borborygmus and Loss of Taste

Ingredients:
- Fine powder of Musta – ½ teaspoon
- Honey – 1 teaspoon
Usage:
Mix and administer the combination 3–4 times a day to relieve abdominal gurgling and tastelessness.

2. For Gastritis

Ingredients:
- Coarse Musta powder – 10 grams
- Ginger powder – A pinch
Method:
Prepare a decoction by boiling the powder in 2 cups of water until it reduces to 1 cup. Add ginger powder and filter.
This remedy helps relieve gastritis, indigestion, and other intestinal disorders.

3. For Worm Infestation (Pinworms)

Ingredients:
- Musta powder – 2–3 grams
- Papaya seeds – 2–3 grams
Method:
Prepare a fine powder or paste.
Take early morning on an empty stomach and repeat in the evening.
Effective against pinworms, itching of the anus, nausea, and loss of appetite. Duration: 10–12 days.

4. For Breast Milk Purification

Ingredients:
- Musta rhizome
- Plantain stalk juice
Method:
Rub the rhizome with plantain juice and prepare a fine paste.
Administer to breastfeeding mothers to help purify breast milk and manage infant indigestion.

5. For Excessive Sweating and Moisture

Application:
Fine powder of Musta is dusted over moist body parts or ulcers.
Useful in controlling excessive sweating, oozing ulcers, and moist skin conditions.

6. For Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Ingredients:
- Musta powder – 2–3 grams
- Buttermilk – 1 cup
Usage:
Mix and administer 2–3 times a day.
Helps manage repeated bowel movements, abdominal discomfort, and IBS symptoms.

7. Nagarmotha Jala (Hot Infusion)

A simple infusion (Phanta) of Musta is a seasonal remedy used to manage cold, cough, fever, and diarrhea.
Especially recommended during the spring season (Vasanta Ritu) for detoxification and balance.

Postpartum Care

Musta is valued for its galactagogue (lactation-enhancing) properties and overall maternal care:

Improves breast milk production
Clears clogged milk ducts
Decoction is administered to mothers if the baby suffers from fever or diarrhea
External application on breasts helps reduce inflammation, pain, and itching

Bhadramusta – External Application for Lactation Support

Method:
½ teaspoon of Musta powder is mixed with water and applied over the breasts.
Leave for 30–40 minutes, then wash off.
Done once daily to enhance lactation.

Nagarmotha as a Dusting Powder (Avachurnana)

As per Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthana, Chapter 5), Musta is mentioned as an Avachurnana Dravya (dusting herb). Used along with:

Kushta
Vidanga
Lodhra
Sarjarasa

Procedure:

Apply sesame oil over the body
Dust with the above herb mixture

Indications:

Kitibha – Ringworm
Kandu – Pruritus (Itching)
Pama – Keloids
Vicharchika – Eczema

Use in Takradhara

Preparation of Medicated Buttermilk with Nagarmotha:

Ingredients:
- Cow’s milk – 2 Prastha (~1536 g)
- Water – 8 Prastha (~6144 g)
- Musta powder – 2 Pala (~96 g)
Process:
1. Boil all ingredients until water evaporates, leaving milk.
2. After cooling, add a small amount of curd to curdle the milk.
3. Add Amalaki decoction (1 Prastha ~768 g) and churn to make medicated buttermilk.
4. Use this buttermilk for Takradhara therapy, a stream of buttermilk poured over the body or forehead.

Musta is a versatile Ayurvedic herb offering digestive support, skin healing, postpartum nourishment, and detoxification. These traditional home remedies, passed down through generations and backed by Ayurvedic scholars like Dr. M.S. Krishnamurthy, showcase the practical and therapeutic value of Musta in daily life.

Always consult an Ayurvedic physician before using these remedies, especially in chronic or critical conditions.

Precautions and Contraindications

While generally considered safe, certain precautions should be taken:

Avoid in pregnancy without medical supervision due to its uterine-stimulating effect.
Use with caution in extremely weak or emaciated individuals.
Always consult a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner before starting therapeutic use.

Sustainability and Cultivation

Cyperus rotundus grows abundantly in tropical and subtropical regions, and its cultivation does not typically harm the ecosystem. However, due to its invasive nature, responsible harvesting and controlled usage are essential to ensure ecological balance.

Conclusion

Nagarmotha is a treasure trove of health benefits in Ayurveda. Its versatile applications in digestive care, detoxification, skin health, and metabolic regulation make it a cornerstone herb in holistic healing. Both ancient wisdom and modern science continue to validate its efficacy, positioning it as a must-have herb in Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Nagarmotha

Q1: What is Nagarmotha?

Nagarmotha, scientifically known as Cyperus rotundus and commonly called Nut Grass, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Cyperaceae family. It is widely recognized in Ayurvedic medicine for its various therapeutic properties.

Q2: What are the traditional uses of Nagarmotha in Ayurveda?

In Ayurveda, Nagarmotha is utilized for its digestive, carminative, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly used to treat digestive disorders, menstrual irregularities, and skin conditions.

Q3: How is Nagarmotha consumed for health benefits?

Nagarmotha can be consumed in various forms, including:

Powder (Churna): ¼ to ½ teaspoon twice a day.
Decoction (Kashayam): 1-2 cups per day.
Paste (Lepa): Applied externally on skin or hair.
Oil (Taila): Used for massage and scalp care.

Q4: Are there any precautions to consider while using Nagarmotha?

Yes, some precautions include:

Avoid during pregnancy due to its potential uterine contraction properties.
May cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals when applied topically.
People with low blood pressure should use it cautiously as it may lower BP further.

Q5: What are the potential side effects of Nagarmotha?

Nagarmotha is generally safe when consumed in moderation. However, excessive use may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

Q6: Can Nagarmotha be used for weight management?

Yes, Nagarmotha has been traditionally used to support weight management due to its potential to boost metabolism and aid in fat reduction.

Q7: Is Nagarmotha effective in managing menstrual disorders?

Nagarmotha has been traditionally used to alleviate menstrual pain and regulate menstrual cycles due to its antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Q8: How does Nagarmotha benefit the skin?

Nagarmotha possesses antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it effective in treating skin conditions like acne, eczema, and other inflammatory skin disorders.

Q9: Can Nagarmotha be used for hair care?

Yes, Nagarmotha oil is traditionally used to promote scalp health, reduce dandruff, and strengthen hair. It is often included in hair oils and treatments for its beneficial effects on hair growth and scalp conditions.

Q10: Are there any known drug interactions with Nagarmotha?

While Nagarmotha is generally safe, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before combining it with other medications to rule out potential interactions.

You can also read about Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina): Is It Good for Hypertension?

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