Ankol (Alangium salvifolium): Benefits & What is Ankol oil used for?

In the realm of Ayurveda, there exists a botanical marvel that has been revered for centuries – Ankol, scientifically known as Alangium salvifolium. This extraordinary plant, native to the Indian subcontinent, has captured the attention of herbal enthusiasts and health practitioners alike due to its remarkable medicinal properties. In this comprehensive guide, we delve deep into the world of Ankol, exploring its origins, chemical composition, Ayurvedic qualities, health benefits, and practical applications.

What is Ankol?

Ankol, scientifically known as Alangium salvifolium, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Alangium family. Native to the Indian subcontinent, it is highly valued in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for its diverse therapeutic properties. Ankol is characterized by bitter, pungent, and astringent tastes, and its parts, including bark and seeds, are utilized for various health remedies. Its active compounds, including alkaloids and flavonoids, contribute to its anti-inflammatory, digestive, and antimicrobial effects. Ankol is useful in decoctions, powders, and oils, addressing ailments ranging from digestive disorders to respiratory conditions. Its botanical significance, coupled with centuries-old medicinal applications, makes Ankol a valuable herb in natural healthcare practices, promoting overall wellness.

Taxonomical Classification of Ankol

• Botanical Name: Alangium salvifolium

• Synonym: Alangium lamarckii

• Class: Dicotyledons

• Sub-class: Polypetalae

• Series: Calyciflorae

• Order: Cornales

• Family: Alangiaceae

• Genus: Alangium

• Species: A. salvifolium

Morphology of Ankol (Alangium salvifolium)

• Growth Habit: A small deciduous tree characterized by spinescent (thorny) branches.

• Bark: Light-colored, smooth to slightly rough, depending on the maturity of the plant.

• Leaves:

  • Shape: Oblong to ovate-lanceolate

  • Tip: Acuminate (tapering to a long point)

  • Margin: Entire (smooth edges)

  • Surface: Upper surface glabrous (smooth and hairless), with prominent reticulate venation (net-like vein pattern)

• Flowers:

  • Borne in axillary fascicles (clusters at the junction of leaf and stem)

  • Few in number, and densely pubescent (covered with soft fine hairs)

• Fruit:

  • Shape: Globular

  • Color: Purplish-red when ripe

• Parts Used in Ayurveda:

  • Root

  • Root bark

  • Leaf

  • Fruit

  • Seed

Vernacular Names of Ankol (Alangium salvifolium)

Ankol is known by various names across different regions and languages in India:

• English Name: Sage-leaved Alangium

• Hindi: Dhera, Ankol

• Tamil: Elangi, Alandi

• Malayalam: Irinzil, Irinjil, Angolam

• Telugu: Uduga Chettu, Ankolamu

• Bengali: Aankod, Badh Ankod

• Marathi / Gujarati: Ankol

• Kannada: Ankola

Sanskrit Synonyms of Ankol

Ankol is richly referenced in classical Ayurvedic texts and is known by several Sanskrit names that reflect its morphology and utility:

• Ankota, Ankola, Nikochaka, Peetasara, Hundika, Rudamallika, Kotara, Gudhapatra, Madana

• Rechi – Effective in Virechana (purgative therapy in Panchakarma)

• Gandhapushpa – Refers to its fragrant flowers

• Irikilla, Bhusita – General regional synonyms

• Guptasneha – Indicates the plant yields medicinal oil

• Tamraphala – Its fruits are copper-colored when ripe

• Lambhakarna – Leaf resembles long ears

• Deergha Keela – Indicates long spines

Classical Categorization in Ayurvedic Texts

Ankol is included in various categories in traditional Ayurvedic compendiums:

• Bhavaprakasha & Dhanvantari Nighantu – Listed under Guduchyadi Varga

• Kaiyadeva Nighantu – Classified under Oshadhi Varga

• Raja Nighantu – Mentioned in Prabhadradi Varga

Chemical Composition of Ankol

Ankol (Alangium salvifolium) is pharmacologically potent due to a variety of chemical constituents:

• Alkaloids: Alangine, Marckine, Marckidine, Lamarckinine, Alangicine, Ankorine, Alangimarckine, Alangamide

• Phytochemicals in Leaf: Alkaloids, fixed oils, fats, proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, and glycosides

Medicinal Properties of Ankol (Alangium salvifolium)

According to Ayurveda, Ankol exhibits powerful therapeutic properties rooted in its rasa, guna, virya, and vipaka. These attributes contribute to its wide use in classical medicine.

Ayurvedic Pharmacological Profile:

• Rasa (Taste):

  • Tikta (Bitter)

  • Katu (Pungent)

  • Kashaya (Astringent)

• Guna (Qualities):

  • Laghu (Light to digest)

  • Snigdha (Unctuous, oily)

  • Teekshna (Sharp and piercing)

• Vipaka (Post-digestive Effect):

  • Katu (Pungent)

• Veerya (Potency):

  • Ushna (Hot)

• Effect on Tridosha:

  • Balances Kapha and Vata Dosha
    (Note: Pitta may be aggravated in excess due to ushna virya.)

Therapeutic Actions:

Ankol demonstrates multiple pharmacological actions:

• Anthelmintic – Helps expel parasitic worms

• Thermogenic – Increases body heat

• Diuretic – Promotes urine flow

• Purgative – Facilitates bowel evacuation

Parts Used and Dosage

• Parts Used:

  • Root bark

  • Seeds

  • Seed oil

• Dosage:

  • Powder: 1–2 grams (For Vamana therapy: 3–6 grams)

  • Decoction (Kashaya): 50–100 ml

Note: Dosage should be administered under the supervision of a qualified Ayurvedic physician.

Classical Ayurvedic Formulations

Ankol (Alangium salvifolium) is a powerful medicinal herb extensively used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. Its root bark, seeds, and oil are the primary parts utilized in many classical formulations that aim to balance doshas, support detoxification, and promote overall wellness. Here are some notable Ayurvedic formulations featuring Ankol:

1. Ankoladi Taila

A medicated oil that includes Ankol as a primary ingredient. This formulation is traditionally used for external application in the treatment of:

• Ear disorders (such as earache, discharge)

• Skin conditions like eczema and itching

• Joint and muscle pain

2. Ankola Ghrita

A ghee-based preparation containing Ankol, known for its rejuvenative and neurological benefits. It is typically indicated in:

• Nervous system disorders

• General debility and weakness

• Vata-related imbalances

3. Panchavalkala Kwath

Ankol is one of the key components in this herbal decoction used primarily for:

• Wound cleansing and healing

• Inflammatory skin diseases

• Fistula and abscesses

4. Ankola Moola Kalka

Herbal paste made from Ankol root for therapeutic use.

Ankol (Alangium salvifolium) stands as a potent Ayurvedic herb with a range of applications across internal medicine, Panchakarma, and external therapies, making it a valuable botanical in traditional healing systems.

Health Benefits of Ankol (Alangium Salvifolium)

1. Digestive Health: It is known for its digestive properties. It stimulates the digestive fire (Agni), aiding in the efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients. Regular consumption of Ankol can help prevent digestive disorders and promote a healthy gut.
2. Anti-inflammatory Properties: It possesses potent anti-inflammatory compounds, making it beneficial in managing various inflammatory conditions. It can help reduce swelling, alleviate pain, and improve joint mobility in conditions like arthritis.
3. Antibacterial and Antiviral: Ayurvedic texts suggest that Ankol exhibits antibacterial and antiviral properties. It can help the body fight off infections, both bacterial and viral, enhancing the immune system’s ability to combat diseases.
4. Blood Purification: It purifies the blood by eliminating toxins and promoting the elimination of waste products from the body. This purification process is essential for overall health and can contribute to clearer skin and a healthier complexion.
5. Respiratory Health: It is beneficial for respiratory health. It can help alleviate symptoms of asthma, bronchitis, and other respiratory disorders. Its anti-inflammatory properties reduce airway inflammation, making breathing easier.
6. Wound Healing: It has traditionally been used for wound healing. Its antimicrobial properties prevent infections in wounds and facilitate faster healing. Ankol paste or oil can be applied topically to minor cuts, bruises, and wounds for effective recovery.
7. Liver Support: It supports liver function. It aids in detoxification processes, promoting a healthy liver. A healthy liver is crucial for overall well-being as it helps in metabolizing nutrients and eliminating harmful substances from the body.
8. Diuretic Action: It acts as a diuretic, promoting the elimination of excess fluids and salts from the body. This diuretic effect supports kidney function and helps in managing conditions like edema and high blood pressure.

Medicinal Uses of Ankol

Scientific Research on Ankol (Alangium salvifolium)

Ankol (Alangium salvifolium) has become a subject of increasing scientific interest due to its broad spectrum of therapeutic actions. Numerous Indian and international research institutions have conducted studies validating its Ayurvedic uses and exploring its pharmacological potential.

Phytochemical Composition

Researchers from institutions like JNTU Hyderabad and Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai analyzed Ankol’s phytochemical profile. They identified active constituents including alangine, marckine, lamarckinine, marckidine, alangicine, and other alkaloids. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. The leaves, bark, and roots also contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and fixed oils, enhancing the herb’s medicinal value.

Antidiabetic Activity

Pharmacological researchers from Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad have confirmed Ankol’s hypoglycemic effects. They found that ethanolic extracts from the bark and leaves reduce blood glucose levels and enhance insulin secretion in diabetic animal models, supporting its role in managing type 2 diabetes.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties

Studies conducted at Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati and Andhra University, Visakhapatnam demonstrated Ankol’s significant antioxidant activity. Researchers observed that Ankol extracts scavenge free radicals and show strong antimicrobial action against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and other pathogens, validating its traditional use in treating infections and wounds.

Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects

Pharmacology departments at KLE University, Belagavi, and Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, investigated Ankol’s anti-inflammatory activity. The methanolic extracts of its flowers and roots reduced inflammation and pain in lab models, supporting its use in arthritis and muscular pain management.

Anticancer Potential

Preliminary cancer biology studies from AIIMS Delhi and NIPER Mohali highlighted Ankol’s cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines. The alkaloids and flavonoids in the plant may inhibit tumor cell proliferation, although further research is needed to confirm its role in cancer treatment.

CNS (Central Nervous System) Activity

Departments of neuroscience and pharmacognosy at Manipal University and Osmania University, Hyderabad tested Ankol’s effect on the nervous system. The plant extracts showed anxiolytic and CNS depressant properties, reducing symptoms of stress and promoting calmness—making it potentially useful in anxiety, insomnia, and neurological conditions.

Gastroprotective Activity

Researchers at Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune, and Kerala University of Health Sciences studied Ankol’s action on gastrointestinal health. The ethanolic extract provided protection against ulcers and reduced gastric acidity, supporting its traditional use in treating gastritis, hyperacidity, and stomach ulcers.

Dermatological and Wound-Healing Effects

Studies from Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, and TN Dr. MGR Medical University, Chennai, validated Ankol seed oil’s effectiveness in treating skin diseases. When applied topically, the oil promoted wound healing, detoxified the skin, and relieved symptoms of eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis.

These scientific investigations, conducted at leading Indian universities and research centers, confirm the powerful therapeutic properties of Ankol (Alangium salvifolium). With its proven effects on diabetes, inflammation, skin disorders, mental wellness, and digestive health, Ankol stands as a promising herbal remedy backed by both tradition and modern science.

How to Use Ankol (Alangium Salvifolium)

1. Ankol Powder: Ankol powder can be consumed by mixing it with warm water or honey. This preparation is beneficial for digestive issues.
2. Decoction: Prepare a decoction by boiling bark in water until it reduces to half. Strain the liquid and consume it. This decoction is often useful to alleviate respiratory problems and is helpful for individuals suffering from asthma or bronchitis.
3. Paste: paste, made by grinding the bark or leaves with water, can be applied topically on wounds, cuts, or bruises. Its antimicrobial properties promote faster wound healing and prevent infections.
4. Ankol Oil: People use Ankol oil, extracted from its seeds, for external applications. They can gently massage it onto joints to relieve arthritis pain. Additionally, it is applied to the scalp to promote hair health and prevent dandruff.
5. Capsules or Tablets: Ankol supplements in the form of capsules or tablets are available commercially. These are convenient for those who prefer a measured dosage. It’s advisable to follow the recommended dosage mentioned on the product or consult a healthcare professional.
6. Tincture: One can take tincture, an alcoholic extract of the herb, in small doses. Users should follow the guidance of an experienced herbalist or Ayurvedic practitioner, as tinctures are potent.
7. Infused Oil: leaves or bark can infuse a carrier oil like coconut oil, creating a herbal oil infusion. This infused oil is beneficial for massages, particularly in relieving joint pain or muscle soreness.

Safety and Precautions

While it offers numerous health benefits, it is essential to use it under the guidance of a knowledgeable practitioner. Pregnant or lactating individuals and those with underlying health conditions should exercise caution and consult a healthcare professional before incorporating it into their wellness routine.

Antidiabetic Activity of Alangium Salvifolium

Recent studies have shed light on Ankol’s potential in managing diabetes. Its hypoglycemic properties make it a promising natural remedy for regulating blood sugar levels. Regular consumption, coupled with a balanced diet and active lifestyle, can contribute significantly to diabetes management.

What is Ankol Oil?

Ankol oil, derived from the seeds of the Alangium salvifolium plant, is a potent elixir for skin and hair health. Rich in antioxidants and essential fatty acids, this oil nourishes the skin, promotes hair growth, and lends a natural glow. Its anti-inflammatory properties make it ideal for soothing irritated skin and reducing signs of aging.

In conclusion, Ankol, with its myriad therapeutic benefits, stands as a testament to nature’s healing prowess. By embracing this ancient botanical treasure, individuals can embark on a journey towards holistic well-being, reconnecting with the healing wisdom of Ayurveda.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Ankol (Alangium salvifolium)

1. What is Ankol?

Ankol is a small deciduous tree known for its medicinal value in Ayurveda. It belongs to the Alangiaceae family and bears the botanical name Alangium salvifolium. This herb grows widely in India and tropical regions and is revered for its healing properties.

2. Which parts of the Ankol plant are used in medicine?

Traditional Ayurvedic practices use several parts of the Ankol tree for therapeutic purposes:

• Root and Root Bark – To manage rheumatic pain and inflammatory conditions.

• Leaves – To support healthy blood pressure and reduce inflammation.

• Fruits – To address bleeding disorders and enhance skin health.

• Seeds and Seed Oil – To nourish the scalp, promote hair growth, and heal skin diseases.

3. What are the major health benefits of Ankol?

Ankol offers a wide range of health benefits, such as:

• Reducing inflammation and relieving pain

• Lowering blood sugar levels in diabetic individuals

• Preventing oxidative damage through its antioxidant action

• Fighting off microbial infections

• Supporting digestive health and protecting the gastrointestinal tract

4. How does Ayurveda use Ankol in treatments?

Ayurvedic texts describe various classical formulations using Ankol:

• Ankoladi Taila – A medicated oil for ear, skin, and nerve-related issues.

• Ankola Ghrita – A ghee-based formulation used in treating neurological disorders.

• Ankola Mula Kalka – A root paste often used in Vamana (therapeutic emesis) procedures.

5. Are there any precautions or side effects of using Ankol?

While Ankol is generally safe when used appropriately, one should consider the following precautions:

• Avoid using it during pregnancy and breastfeeding without medical supervision.

• Stick to prescribed dosages to prevent side effects.

• People with plant allergies should consult an expert before using Ankol formulations.

6. Can Ankol help in treating skin problems?

Yes, Ankol seed oil is highly effective in managing skin conditions like eczema, scabies, and dermatitis. It also detoxifies the skin, soothes irritation, and enhances overall skin texture.

7. Does Ankol support diabetes management?

Ankol has antidiabetic potential. It helps reduce blood glucose levels and supports insulin activity. It can be a natural supplement in diabetes care when taken under expert supervision.

8. What digestive benefits does Ankol offer?

Ankol acts as a carminative and mild laxative. It relieves flatulence, bloating, and colic pain. Its bitter-pungent taste and heating potency help balance digestion and remove toxins (Ama) from the gut.

9. Where does Ankol naturally grow?

Ankol grows abundantly in dry and tropical regions of India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and Africa. It thrives in semi-arid climates and often appears in wild thickets and forest edges.

10. How should one take Ankol for medicinal use?

Ankol is available in various dosage forms:

• Powder (Churna): 1–2 grams daily with warm water

• Decoction (Kashaya): 50–100 ml, usually once or twice daily

• Medicated oil: For external use in massage and Nasya (nasal therapy) Consult a certified Ayurvedic practitioner before starting Ankol in any form to ensure safety and effectiveness.

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